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Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. The nsibidi may convey meaning either singularly or in groups, and each sign may be figurative, geometric, or abstract, or may represent a physical object, concept, or narrative. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Photo by Eli Bentor. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. In the culture we have discussed, the term fadenya refers to: the relationship between father and child, and half siblings - requiring self-assertion, independence, innovation, and competition. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. Mr. . Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. Hope all is well. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. La communaut cubaine Abakudescendante des communauts fik Ekp et Ejagham gb du Sud Est du Nigria et du Sud Ouest du Camerouna t fonde la Havane dans les annes 1830 par des leaders capturs des villages de Cross River. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. Here's a look inside. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. [74][75] One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. Photo by Jordan Fenton. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. During his research, Miller has identified many cultural links between Africa and the Americas, particularly between Cuba, Nigeria and Cameroon, which share a common heritage. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. Cow meat was also consumed but the Efik native cow was rarely eaten or milked by the Efik. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Among these missionaries were Rev. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it's a symbol of their political autonomy. It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. [33][34] Abasi is said to have borrowed an axe from an Uruan woman and had broken the axe. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. James Beale Horton made a similar assertion in 1868 where he asserted that all the communities of the Niger-delta are traced to the Igbo. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. What role does religion play in society today? Due to the role they played during the era of the triangular trade, their prominence in literature and art, there has been a lot of academic scholarship on the people. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Additional Touches According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. The Efik Language and Its Future. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. clothing stores in columbia mall It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World The ekpe society has spawned a large number of Nsbd . Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. Posted on March 01, 2015 Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). The Ekpe Society. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. the exhibition explores the long- Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. (1985). Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. African literature has been disregarded as serious literature in the past because: Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the ______ script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. identity. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. [72] [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4].