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[42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, was more intolerant of Protestantism. Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins. Guided Examen Script, Macquarie Private Infrastructure Fund, Stefon Diggs Dynasty Trade Value, Remo Williams: The Adventure Continues, Michel Roux Jr Pissaladiere, Revere, Ma Zoning Dimensional Requirements, Princess Patter Enchanted Princess, They first found safety in die Pfalz, a Protestant region in present-day southwest Germany. The term may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besanon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. [79], The Huguenots originally spoke French on their arrival in the American colonies, but after two or three generations, they had switched to English. The names displayed are those for which The National Huguenot Society has received and has on file in its archives documented evidence proving, according to normally accepted genealogical standards, that the individual listed was indeed a . In France, Calvinists in the United Protestant Church of France and also some in the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine consider themselves Huguenots. . Winston Churchill was the most prominent Briton of Huguenot descent, deriving from the Huguenots who went to the colonies; his American grandfather was Leonard Jerome. Updated on January 12, 2018. Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from Parlementary measures seeking to exterminate them. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]). A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighbourhood of Huguenot was named. The Protestant Reformation began by Martin Luther in Germany . Several picture galleries can be viewed online, including Huguenot trades [Hugenottisches . Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. The Dutch as part of New Amsterdam later claimed this land, along with New York and the rest of New Jersey. By 1707 400 refugee Huguenot families had settled in Scotland. By then, most Protestants were Cvennes peasants. One of the most active Huguenot groups is in Charleston, South Carolina. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. [56], Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sret ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. John Calvin was a Frenchman and himself largely responsible for the introduction and spread of the Reformed tradition in France. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rly, was printed in Paris in 1487. A-B Adrian Agombar Ammonet Andr Annereau Appel Arabin Arbou/Harbou Arbouin Archinal Ardouin Armand Arnaud Asselin Auvache Avard Azire Bailhache Ballou Balmer/Balmier Baly Barben Barberie Bardin Barnier Barraud Barrett (Barr) Bartels Bartier/Bertier Bastet Baud Bdard Beehag (Behague) Beharell . Research genealogy for Franklin (Frank) L. Haas of Richland, Fountain, Indiana, as well as other members of the Haas family, on Ancestry. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. If you know of more Huguenot family names in Australia, please email ozhug@optushome.com.au. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. [41], In 1561, the Edict of Orlans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. She has taught genealogy and has written books and articles on the subject, including Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors and Tracing Your Family Tree in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Among the Huguenots who left were a group of families from northern France, located near Calais, and what is now southern Belgium. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in Alsace, Moselle, and Montbliard, were mainly Lutherans. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. Huguenot refugees also settled in the Delaware River Valley of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. [citation needed] Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561. Isaac moved to Mannheim, on the Rhein River, in the German state of Baden and married a cousin and fellow French Huguenot emigrant, Esther SY (also spelled SEE), in 1657. John Gano. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . Horsley, Hartley Bridge, Gloucestershire, England; Popular names: Hanks As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. Dictionary of American Family . Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for the purpose of praying God, for preaching and receiving the Holy Sacrament; so that although they did not frighten nor hurt anybody, the priests, through mockery, made them the successors of those spirits which roam the night; and thus that name being quite common in the mouth of the populace, to designate the evangelical huguenands in the country of Tourraine and Amboyse, it became in vogue after that enterprise. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. In the United States there are several Huguenot worship groups and societies. [66], A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. They founded the silk industry in England. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. This week's compilation, " France Huguenot Family Lineage Searches ," is designed to help you find your Protestant ancestors in 16 th to 18 th century France. Most South African Huguenots settled in the, The majority of Australians with French ancestry are descended from Huguenots. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. Below is a partial list of Huguenot Ancestors who relate to current Members of the Society. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants Huguenots; but they called themselves reforms, or "Reformed". By 1562, the estimated number of Huguenots peaked at approximately two million, concentrated mainly in the western, southern, and some central parts of France, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period. D.J.B. Indeed, some of the Pettit names from the city of Metz and the other French provinces (dpartements) near the borders with Switzerland and Germany were Huguenots (Fr. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. ", Michael Green, "Bridging the English Channel: Huguenots in the educational milieu of the English upper class.". [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. Various hypotheses have been promoted. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. . By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. Huguenot legacy persists both in France and abroad. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. After the 1534 Affair of the Placards,[37][38] however, he distanced himself from Huguenots and their protection. After John Calvin introduced the Reformation in France, the number of French Protestants steadily swelled to ten percent of the population, or roughly 1.8million people, in the decade between 1560 and 1570. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? gt I began Genealogy 35 years ago. Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. Does anybody know if there was a sizeable population of French Huguenots in Leeds in the 17th and 18th Centuries? Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. (It has been adapted as a restaurantsee illustration above. [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. Those Huguenots who stayed in France were subsequently forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and were called "new converts". One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. Henry of Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied themselves to the Huguenots, adding wealth and territorial holdings to the Protestant strength, which at its height grew to sixty fortified cities, and posed a serious and continuous threat to the Catholic crown and Paris over the next three decades. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. [123] The last prime minister of East Germany, Lothar de Maizire,[124] is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the former German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizire. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. Remnant communities of Camisards in the Cvennes, most Reformed members of the United Protestant Church of France, French members of the largely German Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, and the Huguenot diaspora in England and Australia, all still retain their beliefs and Huguenot designation. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. Dr Kathleen Chater has been tracing her own family history for over 30 years. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. [54] An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators. [105], Many Huguenots from the Lorraine region also eventually settled in the area around Stourbridge in the modern-day West Midlands, where they found the raw materials and fuel to continue their glassmaking tradition. [77] Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. Anglicised names such as Tyzack, Henzey and Tittery are regularly found amongst the early glassmakers, and the region went on to become one of the most important glass regions in the country.[106]. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing massacres were Aix, Bordeaux, Bourges, Lyons, Meaux, Orlans, Rouen, Toulouse, and Troyes.[47]. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. "Genealogical Research in Nova Scotia" by Terrance Punch - ISBN 1-55109-235-2 - Terry is a professionally accredited Canadian genealogist who specializes in immigration from Ireland, Germany and Montbliard (Huguenot Protestants French-Swiss border area).