DHC Dash 7. instructors can demonstrate the sterile cockpit concept by. Activities such as eating meals, engaging in non-essential conversations within the cockpit and non-essential communications between the cabin and cockpit crews, and reading publications not related to the proper conduct of the flight are not required for the safe operation of the aircraft. She can refuel there and continue to her destination without a significant loss of time, Although a decision may be reached and a course of action implemented, the decision-making process is not complete. As one reporter resolves: Another reporter offered a good suggestion
the danger is that i can appear to be . On the other hand, how does that jibe with the rule? It is very important for the flight instructor to debrief a student immediately after a solo flight. [Figure 8-10], One way of exploring the subject of stress with a student is to recognize when stress is affecting performance. Aspiring instructors should be prepared to specialise and dedicate their careers to the field of training, leaving others to management and operational leadership. While these pressures may exist in the workplace, students may also experience the same type of stress regarding their flight training schedule. Performance generally increases with the onset of stress, peaks, and then begins to fall off rapidly as stress levels exceed a persons ability to cope. This reviewer used the ASRS database
He did not use the fuel tables printed in the pilots operating handbook (POH) for the aircraft he was flying on this trip. This was our second highest source of deviation
cockpit and cabin crew members the captain can politely say, "I think the
often has cruise altitudes below 10,000 feet MSL, offers a similar worthwhile
connections, announcements made to passengers promoting the air carrier
the aircraft. Recommendations also provide assurance that the applicant has had a thorough briefing on the PTS and the associated knowledge areas, maneuvers, and procedures. Fortunately I've received some help this month. The habits formed at this time also give him or her a firm foundation for later training for an instrument rating, As students become more proficient in monitoring and correcting their own flight technique by reference to flight instruments, the performance obtained from an aircraft increases noticeably. The instructor should ensure that the student has the ability to recognize a work overload situation. Once an emergency is declared, air traffic control (ATC) gives the pilot priority handling. Since students generally imitate the instructors performance, the instructor must demonstrate the skill exactly the way the students are expected to practice it, including all safety procedures that the students must follow. Is there some stress in another aspect of the students life that may be causing a distraction? This is by far the most important flight instructor responsibility. This is true of all flight students, but special handling by the instructor may be required for students who are obviously anxious or uncomfortable, The demonstration-performance training delivery method was discussed briefly in Chapter 4, The Teaching Process, but the following in-depth discussion is geared to the flight instructor. It is easy to determine whether an error is induced by a misconception or by a simple lack of motor skills. The following is an example of the type of scenario that can be presented to illustrate the poor judgment chain, A private pilot with 100 hours of flight time made a precautionary landing on a narrow dirt runway at a private airport. Things like monitoring altitude on an instrument approach, or
With potentially hazardous or difficult maneuvers, the instructor should be alert and ready to take control at any time. In aviation, the sterile flight deck rule or sterile cockpit rule is a procedural requirement that during critical phases of flight (normally below 10,000 ft or 3,050 m), only activities required for the safe operation of the aircraft may be carried out by the flight crew, and all non-essential activities in the cockpit are forbidden. Aircraft speed and control take precedence over all other actions during landings and takeoffs, Stress landing in the first third of the runway to ensure there is stopping distance for the aircraft. The rate at which the aircraft rolls depends on how much aileron deflection is used. Risk management is a decision-making process designed to systematically identify hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action associated with each flight. She verifies that the original calculations are correct and considers factors that may have lengthened the time between checkpoints, such as a climb or deviation off course. Doing several things at once, though, may mean that something important falls through the cracks. Commonly known as the "sterile cockpit rule," these regulations
Also associated with pilot skill evaluations during flight training are the stage checks conducted in FAA-approved school courses and the practical tests for pilot certificates and ratings, In assessing piloting ability, it is important for the flight instructor to keep the student informed of progress. The instructor should be satisfied that the student is well prepared and understands the task before starting. They landed on the airplane's belly. The student should also understand the correct sequence and be aware of safety precautions for each procedure or maneuver. How can a flight instructor ensure the safety of flight training activities, and also train clients to operate their aircraft safely after they leave the relatively protected flight training environment? This is usually defined as the taxi, take-off and approach and landing phases, and when operating under 10,000 feet (although each . This is particularly true of modern, complex, or high-performance aircraft, which are responsive to the use of correct operating airspeeds, The use of correct power settings and climb speeds and the accurate control of headings during climbs result in a measurable increase in climb performance. Providing a solo endorsement for a student who is not fully prepared to accept the responsibility for solo flight operations, or providing an endorsement for an additional rating to a pilot not meeting the appropriate regulatory requirements, is also a breach of faith with the applicant, As discussed on page 8-2, aviation training and flight operations are now seen as a system rather than individual concepts. potentially dangerous. Here is a
The four-engine Dash 7 was
A certain amount of stress is good since it keeps a person alert and prevents complacency. The pilots failure to maintain an awareness of the circumstances regarding the flight now becomes the problem. reports, a safer operation can be achieved by simply abiding by the rule's guidelines. For example, including relaxation time in a busy schedule and maintaining a program of physical fitness can help reduce stress levels. TheInternational Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursionsdefines Sterile Flight Deck as "any period of time when the flight crew should be not be disturbed, except for matters critical to the safe operation of the aircraft.". Although not all assessments lend themselves to reteaching, the instructor should be alert to the possibility and take advantage of the opportunity when it arises. Make power-off, stall-warning blaring, on centerline touchdowns in the first third of runway, Flight instructors have the responsibility of producing the safest pilots possible. Friends- The weather is warm, the evenings are long, the grandchildren are fun, and I haven't felt like writing. Look at how extraneous chatter with air traffic controllers introduced
For example, during a go-around, adding power, gaining airspeed, and properly configuring the aircraft are priorities. is conducted by flight crew members below 10,000 feet, not only is it potentially
These demands can be either pleasant or unpleasant in nature. For example, if the student consistently makes a decision not to fly, even though weather briefings indicate favorable conditions, it may be due to apprehension regarding the lesson content. environment. When teaching more than one skill at the same time, the simple-to-complex strategy works well. problems for these crews. Safety permitting, it is frequently better to let students progress part of the way into the mistake and find a way out. specifically prohibit crew member performance of non-essential duties or activities
engaging in non-essential conversations within the cockpit and non-essential
In some cases, the student is not able to meet the proficiency level specified in the lesson objectives within the allotted time. suggestion following an altitude deviation. Reviewing the appropriate chart and setting radio frequencies well in advance of need helps reduce workload as the flight nears the airport. Factors, referred to as stressors, can increase a pilots risk of error in the flight deck. Instill importance of "see and avoid" in the student, During landingconduct stabilized approaches, maintain desired airspeed on final, demonstrate good judgment for go-arounds, wake turbulence, traffic, and terrain avoidance. airmanship in not monitoring altitude and course information. It is not mandatory, but recommended for all endorsements to be worded exactly as those in the AC. boundary may be too low. Additional information on recommendations and endorsements can be found in Appendix E, Flight Instructor Endorsements, Remember that students learning is sometimes subject to their environment, Be sure to provide challenges such as crosswinds in training before they see it on their checkride, or potentially worse, as a brand new pilot with passengers. Situational awareness is the accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements that affect safety before, during, and after the flight. [Figure 8-8], In order for a student to self-examine behaviors during flight, he or she must be taught the potential risks caused from hazardous attitudes and, more importantly, the antidote for each. Every flight instructor can agree that everyone wants to be safe, but what does "safety" really mean? The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate Most pilots grew up on great movies like "Top Gun" and "Battle of Britain," and along with them, a cornucopia of nonstandard but truly entertaining communications like "tally-ho on that traffic," "climbing to angels 21" and" bandits at 12 o'clock high" began appearing in the vernacular of Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee . jump seat is quite a valuable privilege, but it is important that the additional
By starting with the simplest skill, a student gains confidence and is less likely to become frustrated when faced with building skills that are more complex, Another consideration in this phase is the language used. The real danger was inadvertent stalls induced by distractions during routine flight situations, Pilots at all skill levels should be aware of the increased risk of entering into an inadvertent stall or spin while performing tasks that are secondary to controlling the aircraft. It is a testing tool. The sterile cockpit rule was designed
Note: Taxi is defined as movement of an airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport.. The main responsibility of the Instructor is" "instructor typically teaches subjects that Scouts are eager to learnespecially those such as first aid, camping, and backpackingthat are required for outdoor . Psychological problems such as financial, home life, or job-related stresses cause a lack of qualified rest that is only solved by mitigating the underlying problems before the fatigue is solved. Despite all the changes in technology to improve flight safety, one factor remains the samethe human factor. Stress is the bodys response to demands placed upon it. Students who are not completely at ease, and whose attention is diverted by discomforts such as the extremes of temperature, poor ventilation, inadequate lighting, or noise and confusion, cannot learn at a normal rate. Checklists should be performed well in advance so there is time to focus on traffic and ATC instructions. For those who develop company procedures, consideration
With the advent of electronic checklists, it has become easier to develop and maintain personal checklists from the manufacturers checklist with additions for specific aircraft and operations, In addition, the AFM/POH, which is required to be carried onboard the aircraft, is essential for accurate flight planning and for resolving inflight equipment malfunctions. [Figure 8-9] For example, if a student has an easy time with flight training and seems to understand things very quickly, there may be a potential for that student to have a "macho" hazardous attitude. Anxious students can be incredibly strong and usually exhibit reactions inappropriate to the situation. By following these teaching guidelines, the student is better equipped to properly execute landings when he or she solos. Your fellow crew members and passengers are hoping that you will. Daniels decision to help Mary develop personal weather minimums reflects a key component of the flight instructors job: providing the student with the tools to ensure safety during a flight. AFSS can provide updates on weather, answer questions about airport conditions, and may offer direction-finding assistance. The assessment must consider the students mastery of the elements involved in the maneuver, rather than merely the overall performance, In order for a student to be signed off for a solo flight, the CFI must determine that the student is qualified and proficient in the flight tasks necessary for the flight. They are much less apt to become airsick while operating the controls themselves. Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. Simultaneously begin releasing the back pressure so aileron, rudder, and elevator pressures are neutralized when the aircraft reaches the wings-level position, Leading the roll-out heading by one-half the bank angle is a good rule of thumb for initial training.